MOTIVATING THE WORKFORCE FOR GREATER PRODUCTIVITY IN THE BANKING SECTOR OF THE ECONOMY IN THE 21ST CENTURY (A CASE STUDY OF ZENITH BANK INTERNATIONAL PLC ASABA)
ABSTRACT
This study basically examined motivating the workforce for greater productivity
in the Banking sector of the economy in the 21st century. (A case study of Zenith Bank International Plc Asaba). In X-raying the subject matter, the study made use of both primary and secondary data; the primary data were obtained from employees of the Zenith Bank International Plc Asaba. Via the answers they provided to the questionnaires administered to them, fifty (50) questionnaires were administered and the end fourth five (45) was retrieved which was used for the analysis, why the secondary data were obtained from publications related to the topic, also, hypotheses were formulated to determine the significant relationship between motivational factor and work productivity for experience staff of Zenith Bank International Plc Asaba at the end of the hypotheses test it was evident that there is a significant relationship between motivational factor and work productivity for experienced staff of Zenith Bank International Plc Asaba, in testing the hypotheses the chi-square statistics techniques (X2) was employed at 0.05 level of significance. After a comprehensive analysis, it was obvious that Zenith Bank International Plc Asaba is financially healthy and ranks among the best five in the country, it also has a rich and enviable track record of employee motivation, this explains why many regards it as the number one in the banking industry. Key recommendations were equally made to the management of the bank, which if adopted may catapult them to the next level. Conclusively, the findings of this study proved beyond doubt that motivating the workforce for greater productivity in the banking sector of the economy in the 21st century
highly have the significant relationship on motivational performances, therefore, without any bins in the absences of motivation, a Bank or company maybe likened to blind man that do not see what lies ahead of him or an individual without a direction or a ship without a captain. During the course of this study, it was crystal clear that motivating the workforce for greater productivity in the Banking sector of the economy in the 21st century uphold in regulating the relationship between the employee and his staff.
TABLE OF CONTENTS
Title page
Approval Page
Certification
Dedication
Acknowledgements
Abstract
Table of Contents
CHAPTER ONE
1.0 Introduction
1.1 Background of the Study
1.2 Statement of Problem
1.3 Purpose of Study/Objective Of Study
1.4 Research Question
1.5 Hypotheses
1.6 Significant Of Study
1.7 Scope of Study
1.8 Operational Definition Of Terms.
References
CHAPTER TWO
2.0 Review Of Related Literature
2.1 Introduction
2.2 Theoretical Framework
2.3 The Evolution of Motivation Concepts
2.4 Origin of the Word Motivation
2.5 Process Theories of Motivation
2.6 Need Theories
2.7 Abraham Maslow Theory
2.7.2 Alderfers Modified Need Iderarchy Theory-Clay
2.7.3 Herzberg And Ids Two Factor Theory
2.8 Mccelland's Achievement Motivation Theory
2.9 Workers Morale, Attitude And Job Satisfaction In
Relation To Motivation.
References
CHAPTER THREE
3.0 Research Methodology
3.1 Introduction
References
CHAPTER FOUR
4.0 Data Presentation and Analysis
4.1 Introduction
CHAPTER FIVE
5.0 Discussion, Conclusion and Recommendations
5.1 Discussion of Findings
5.2 Conclusion
5.3 Recommendations
Bibliography
Appendix
CHAPTER ONE
1.0 INTRODUCTION
Although there is general agreement among psychologists that man
experience a variety of needs, there is considerable disagreement as to what
these needs are and their relative importance.
There have been a number of attempts to present models of motivation
which list a specific number of motivating needs, with the implication that these lists are all-inclusive and represent the total picture of needs, unfortunately, each of these models has weaknesses and gap and we are still without a general theory of motivation.
All organization are concerned with what should be alone to achieve
sustained high level of performance through people. Consequently the subject
of adequate motivation of workers as derived from the so many attempts made
by management practitioner is to look for the best way to manage so as to
accomplish an objective or mission with the least inputs of material and human resources available.
A lot of theoretical concept principles and techniques of management
have evolved in response to these challenges. In general management authors
have tended to view motivation as a key component of the managerial function
of leading or directing. However, leading or leadership style, although an
important factor in determining the attitude of employers towards assigned job
responsibilities is not the only determinant other managerial function such as
planning, controlling, staffing and organization also playa role.
In any serious and competitive society workers are one of the tools for
economics progress. Their welfare is taken into serious consideration because
without a dedicated workforce an organization crumbles. The nations
(Nigerian) reward system is probably the poorest in the entire global were an
average take home of the worker is put at N35 per month. Workers are used and
abused, harassed, treated, offended and discarded without any appreciation for
their contribution to their organization and to the society at large.
It is therefore apparent that the issue of adequate motivation of worker
has relevance in managerial function and activities that are aimed at directing the productive effort of the worker force toward achieving organizational
objectives. Knotz et at (1980) holds that management strive to create and
maintain an environment that is conducive to the performance of individual
who are working together in groups towards the accomplishment of pre-
selected objectives workers in organization work in-progress and group
dynamics often result in the conflict of goals between individuals and other
groups.
Conversely motivation according to strauss and sayles, can be provided
for workers, using the following methods
(1) |
The traditional approach, |
(2) |
Human relation approach. |
(3) |
Implicit bargaining. |
(4) |
Competition |
(5) |
Internalized motivation |
(1) The traditional approach to motivate which is often referred to as the
economic man model assumes the following.
(a) The only reason why people work: is to earn money and that they will work only if driven to it by fear of losing their job.
(b) Since no one like to work, people will try to get away with doing as little as they can, management must tell every worker exactly what to do, spell out every rule and give the worker the narrowest possible range for description
(2) The human relation approach: this emphasizes motivation basically
through satisfying the workers security and benefits that provide some
protection against illness old age and unemployment. The social need for
belonging should be met by various recreational activities and be the
development of strong cohesive work groups.
(3) Approach to motivation is the implicit bargaining when using this
approach, management encourages workers to do a reasonable amount of work by agreeing to be more flexible in terms of supervision.
These bargaining are usually a matter of implicit unspoken understanding.
(4) The fourth approach to motivation is around competition for the pay increases and promotion that accompany outstanding work. This is important because it helps the worker to satisfy various forms of need satisfaction, some of these include a sense of accomplishment, and added social prestige.
(5) The last of the approaches under consideration is internalized motivation this deals with providing opportunities for need satisfaction through doing the job itself.
This approach uses Herzberge's motivators, which means that management should create conditions under which workers will willingly and voluntarily work towards organization objective because they enjoy the work.
Economic motivation is de-emphasized and more stress is put on age mode. These methods according to status and styles can either be used alone or in combination. It is further stated that usually most manager uses a combination of all five methods. It is important to consider the issue of motivation in organization because of the interleave desire of people to pursue their own personal aspirations while the organizational objective are being met.
Certain problems of inadequate motivation however do arise as it concerns certain individual who come into the work situation with difference in
expectation, behaviour and outlook. These problems of individual motivation
inadequately may be divided into two categories?
Firstly, the inability of certain individual to be motivated may stem from
the fact that there is inefficiency in their personality for such people the design
to avoid failure may be too strong while paradoxically. The motive to produce
positive results may be too weak. This could produce general resistances to
achievement oriented activity that should naturally be overcome by other
extrinsic modes of motivation if there is to be any spin to achievement oriented
activity at all.
Secondly, even when the achievement motive is relatively strong the
challenge before the individual worker may be prove to be inadequate or too
difficult which ever of these that apply to the individual worker will usually
manifest themselves in different ways such as lack of enthusiasm or premature
surrender.
Bryans and Crouin canted that effective group functioning depends on
the development of supportive relationship. This is important because it makes
provisions for different views to be put forward and carefully studied, thus
mentioning the development of conflicts, which could be destructive to the
establishment. Bryan and Crouin further stated that discussion, collective
problem solving and decision making could all benefit from a genuinely
supportive atmosphere.
This is because the individual could derive a sense of acceptance from
being a member of the establishment. This could serve as a powerful motivating
force in influencing his behaviour towards other member of the establishment.
At the base of all these, is the issue of individual differences which go a long
way to determine the extent to which an individual is motivated, some of the
factors which are responsible for individual include genetic make up, up bringing and current influences.
In spite of this entire apparent attendant, problems of motivation and productivity, every organization do necessarily seek means of ensuring continued productivity, which will be geared towards the accomplishment of
organizational goals. The organizational system under study can not be said to
be different in any way in terms of producing the result for which it was setup.
In all these processes, the private and indeed corporate organization business
has thus helped to make Nigeria the country it is today.
Motivation also finds relevance in the behavioral sciences especially in
psychology where attempts are made to find out the what, when, how and who
of human behaviour. Nigeria authors, Gbadamosi and Adegbakin, (1996) posit
that motivation is an aspect of the sciences that attempt to answer the question
as to why human beings behave the way they do.
This study will also examine to what extents the economic factors such as achievement, job security, recognition, advancements, job enrichment, or the
job itself, responsibility, decisional participation and managerial style are
needed to raise the morals of the workers for high productivity. These factors
are referred to in this work as non-economic motivators in the sense that their
incentive power is not necessarily derived from money.
It is often said that one of the key problem in private organization is not
that the workers lack motivation but the managers' lacks the ability to nurture
it. Adequate motivation (high moral), leadership style and the success of an
organization are closely intertwined.
The good leader is who is able to motivate his workers to maximum production and efficiency. A man however only gives what he has. To be able to motivate, a leader must know what a motivator and how to use it. I believe
that pay package and fringe benefits are taken for granted and do not serve as primary motivators. On the other hand, certain factors, which contribute to human dignity, may not entail any monetary gain but to the individual may mean much and when they are present may create a very good and healthy atmosphere to induce adequate motivation but when they are absent the result is frustration and de-motivation.
The study identifies these elements that promotes dignity and thus raise the moral of the worker for higher productivity. The study further investigates the effect of these factors were referred to as "non-economics motivators on the workers and the consequent output of Zenith Bank International Plc Ababa.
For the purpose of these study then, non-economic motivators is used to
refer to those factors which are not necessarily computable in monetary term
but which, drive human mind from within to behave in a desired way and to maximum realization of the organizational objectives while adequate
motivation is simply defined as contentment, fulfillment or job satisfaction. I
should perhaps explain that the title "the implication of adequate motivation of
workers productivity" is my own compare, which may be likened to Herzberg
hygiene factors.
Herzberg had concluded from his studies that achievement, recognition,
the work itself, responsibility, advancement and growth are major satisfiers
because their positive influences is far more frequently an element in
satisfaction than their negative effect an element in dissatisfaction more recent
studies have advanced on Herzberg's position.
While there are studies to support Herzberg's list of satisfiers in his
sequence there are questions as to the position or order of these satisfiers.
All these studies however, have been carried out in the developed light
industrialized societies. It is therefore not certain whether the findings can be applied to the Nigeria situation.
