Abstract

The general purpose of this study was to investigate the  entrepreneurship initiative for poverty reduction among youths in Nsukka Local Government Area of Enugu State. The study was designed to identify the entrepreneurship ideas needed for poverty reduction among youths, find out ways entrepreneurship initiative can enhance social and economics status, find out problems facing the entrepreneurship initiative among youths, proffered solutions to the problem of entrepreneurship  ideas among youths. A survey design was used for the study, the  population of this study  was 24,284.The researcher used Yaro Yamene Formula to arrive at  395. Therefore, the sample random sampling techniques was used to select 200 unemployed youths as respondents in 3 Development Centres. The data for the study were collected using structured questionnaire and was analyzed using frequency and mean. The finding of the study shows that entrepreneurship ideas like communication skills, planning skills and inculcating youths with the ability to think and take action will help to reduce poverty among youths in Nsukka Local Government Area. Also entrepreneurship initiative such as analytical skill, financial skill, can enhance social economic status among youths in Nsukka. However, unavailability of fund , high rate of unemployment and lack of entrepreneurship orientation, material and equipment are the major problems facing entrepreneurship ideals among youths in Nsukka. Effective entrepreneurship education,  promoting their interest in agricultural for animal husbandry and poultry, developing vocational and organizing seminars are the possible solution to the problem of entrepreneurship ideas among youths in Nsukkal Local Government Area. It was recommended  that government and non-governmental organization should assist in building more skill acquisition centre for the youths, government should develop the quality of entrepreneurship education to enable the youths fit into labour market among others were made.

CHAPTER ONE

INTRODUCTION

Background to the Study

It is a common experience that about 80% of the graduates from Nigerian Universities find it very difficult to get employment every year. This is partly due to the curricula of the Universities and other tertiary institutions, which emphasis on training for white collar jobs, (Okojie 2008). Nigeria as a nation has been making more efforts to improve the standard of living for people through various policies and programmers to eradicate poverty, for instance, operation feed the nation, (OFN) 1976 encouraged people to return to farm, National Directorate of Employment of 1986 was established to capture the unemployed and equip them with the necessary skills that will make them employable and self sustaining, Poverty Alleviation Programmes (PAP) 2000 was introduced to reduce unemployment and raise effective demand in the economy, and National Poverty Eradication Programme (NAPEP) 2001, provided many youths with the “Keke NAPEP” mass transit vehicles.

        InNigeriaand other African countries poverty is described as a socio-economic problem that affects the growth and development of the region. Poverty is also the inability of one to have the basic necessities of  life,  that is basically not having enough food to eat, a  high  rate  of  infant mortality, low educational opportunities (Aluko, 2000). The government of this country have designed and embarked on several measures to reduce the degree of poverty and improve the social well being of the people.

 Michael and Dories, (2001) defined initiative as an incubator of Ideas, to explore new ideas and learn how to take a new company body into the future. They also stated that initiative is a personal quality that shows a willingness to get things done and take responsibility and self discipline, ability to take action that are in the long-term best interest.

Entrepreneurship Initiative as defined by the (European Parliament and the council, 2006) the ability to turn ideas into action, it includes creativity, innovation and risk taking, as well as the ability to plan and manage project in order to achieve objective. Thus support individuals, not only in their every day lives at home and in the society, but also in the workplace in being aware of the context of their work and being able to seize opportunities. This is a foundation for more specific skills and knowledge needed by those establishing or contributing to social or commercial activity. This should include awareness of ethnical values and promotion of good governance. Entrepreneurship initiative is one of the measures embraced by the government to reduce poverty and unemployment in the country (Arogundade, 2011). Basu, (2004) noted that entrepreneurship initiatives often have aspiration different to those of common people. Other personal characteristic that supposedly differentiate entrepreneurship from business owned manager include, initiative, a willingness to take risks, self-confidence, perseverance, resourcefulness, independence, tolerance for uncertainty and ambiguity.

The world entrepreneurship is derived from the French world entreprendre, meaning to undertake, to pursue opportunities, to fulfill needs and wants through innovation: This may include starting business inside or outside an established organization. Entrepreneurship according to  Odusina (2000) is the process of using available capital in any form for business endeavors in an open and free-market economy for the sole purpose of making profits. Entrepreneurship also as defined by Peter (2001) is a process of creating something new with value by devoting necessary time and efforts assuring the accompanying financial, and social risks and receiving the resulting rewards of monetary and personal satisfaction and independence.

An entrepreneur is someone who has the ability to see and evaluate business opportunities, to gather the necessary resources,              to take advantage of the end  and initiate  appropriate action, to ensure  success (Meredith, Nelson and Nick, 2000). Entrepreneur sees “problem” as “opportunities” and   takes’ action to identify the solutions to those problems and the customer who will pay to help the youths and build on their strong spirit of risk-taking through entrepreneurship development. An entrepreneur is an individual who is able to use organized efforts to pursue opportunities, to create value and grow by fulfilling wants and needs through innovation and uniqueness. (Uzoma, 2000). As a consequence, the entrepreneur disturbs the status quo and may thus be regarded as a change agent. In such a capacity he or she does not just work for him or herself in a small firm but may be employed in a large organization.

Statement of Problem

Entrepreneurship initiative is very important in Nsukka Local Government Area, because the unemployed youths are still dwelling in abject poverty. The need to reduce poverty to the barest minimum has  been the challenge for Nigerian Government. In other word, youths are unemployed; not because they lack the qualification but because the system has been corrupt politically, economically, socio-culturally and even religiously. There was no opportunities for the unemployed youth in Nsukka to be involved in decision making progress in the matters that affect their environment and society owing to lack of entrepreneurship education. It is unfortunate that in Nsukka Local Government area, there is little or no entrepreneurship imitative programme for the development of youths in the area.

In Nsukka Local Government Area of Enugu State, the youths who are supposed to be young entrepreneur and contribute their quota to the economics development of their society find it difficult to cope due to lack of infrastructural facilities, lack of increase in supply steady and sustainable power supply, lack of good roads and lack of entrepreneurial skill that would have enabled the graduates to see themselves as job creators rather than job seekers. So many people living in Nsukka Local Government Area are mostly poor, especial the youths who leave school without acquiring entrepreneurship skill which has led to the economics backwardness of the youths in the state, prostitution, unwanted pregnancy, armed-robbery, kidnapping and 419. This is worrisome, because if this is not looked into, it will not only affect the youths in the state but the country as a whole. The problem of the study therefore is to ascertain the entrepreneurship initiative for poverty reduction among youths in Nsukka.

Purpose of the Study

The main purpose of this study was to investigate the entrepreneurship initiative for poverty reduction among youths in Nsukka Local Government Area of Enugu State.

Specifically the study sought to:

1. Identify the Entrepreneurship Ideas needed to reduce poverty among youths in Nsukka Local Government Area.

2. Find out ways entrepreneurship Initiative can enhance socio economic status.

3. Find out Problems facing the Entrepreneurship Initiative among youths in Nsukka Local Government Area.

4. Proffer solution to the problem of entrepreneurship ideas among youths in Nsukka Local Government Area.

Significance of the Study

        The study will be beneficial to youths because they will be exposed to so many opportunities on how to be self-employed, and how to create wealth on their own without carrying files about after graduating from tertiary institutions. This study will also be of great benefit to the families and individuals, because the information from this study will open their eyes to know many skills acquisition that will enable them work out of poverty.

        The government will benefit greatly from this studies because when these youths are properly oriented, equipped with the knowledge of entrepreneurship initiative, development will come to the state, both socio- economic, political and psychological. And also put  appropriate measures in organizing seminar, conference and work-shop on how to reorient the youths on the importance of entrepreneurship ideas.

Scope of the Study

        This study focused on the entrepreneurship initiative for poverty reduction among youths in Nsukka Local Government Area of Enugu State; it also identified the entrepreneurship idea needed to reduce poverty among youths, Finds out ways entrepreneurship initiative could enhance socio-economic status. Find out problems facing entrepreneurship initiative for poverty reduction among youths. Proffered solution to the problem of entrepreneurship idea for poverty reduction among youths in Nsukka Local Government Area. Youths in Nsukka Local Government Area were the respondents.

Research Questions

The following were the research questions to guide the study:

1. What are the Entrepreneurship Ideas needed to reduce poverty among youth in Nsukka Local Government Area.?

1. What are the ways entrepreneurship initiative can enhance social and economic status in Nsukka Local Government.
2. What are the problem facing the entrepreneurship initiative in Nsukka Local Government.?
3. What are the possible solution to the problem of Entrepreneurship Ideas among youth in Nsukka Local Government Area?